§ 7—GUSTAVUS TROLLE AND CHRISTIAN II. 175
popular, having twenty-five houses, the Dominicans
eighteen, and the Cistercians sixteen. The rest had
between them twenty-four, which includes the old-fashioned
Benedictines (7), Preemonstratensians (5), Carmelites (3),
Birgittines (2), Johannites (2), Antony Brothers (2),
Cluniacs (1), Carthusians (1), Augustinians (1). The
latest foundation was one promoted by Jacobus Ulphonis
and Conrad Rogge of Strengnis, the Carthusian monas-
tery of Mariefred, to which Sten Sture gave the castle and
estate of Gripsholm in 1493. It was the first to be con-
fiscated after the Reformation.” The Carmelite monastery
at Orebro is memorable as having been the place of the
early education of Olaus and Laurentius Petri.
It is not easy to estimate what the wealth of these various
sees and chapters and religious houses was in the aggre-
gate. It was certainly very large. Thus we are told that
every nobleman was required to provide six able-bodied
men for every four hundred marks rent. A report made to
the diet at Stockholm in 1526 returns the quota of the arch-
bishop at fifty men, of the Bishop of Linkoping at thirty.
six, and others less. The highest quota of a lay-lord was
twenty-four, and of the 441 men, which had to be raised on
that occasion, 156 were to be supplied by the bishops.?
It was not, perhaps, much of an exaggeration on the part
of Gustaf Vasa in 1527 to say ‘‘ that the crown and the
nobility together hardly had here in the kingdom a third
part of what the priests, monks, churches and monasteries
had *’ (Anjou: p. 29).
§ 7.—CoNcLUSION. DISSATISFACTION WITH ROME AND
DISCONTENT WITH THE BISHOPS. (CHRISTIAN’S
TRIUMPH. EFFECT OF THE BLOOD-BATH AT STOCK-
HOLM ON CHURCH AND STATE,
Thus, from the little congregation founded at Birka in
the time of Anskar, had grown up a great semi-indepen-
dent society—an ‘‘ imperium in imperio ’’—which con-
2 See Cornelius : Handbok, pp. 149-50, and Lecture V., § 4.
BL. A. Anjou : Reformation, p. 28, E. T., 1859.
